C8052
Cholera Toxin
from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, A-B type toxin
동의어(들):
CTX, Cholera enterotoxin, Choleragen
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제품정보 (DICE 배송 시 비용 별도)
제품 이름
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder
Quality Level
assay
≥90% (SDS-PAGE)
form
lyophilized powder
composition
Protein, ~5% Lowry-TCA
solubility
H2O: 10 mg/mL
storage temp.
2-8°C
General description
Cholera toxin is a member of the AB5-subunit family of toxins. It consists of a single A subunit responsible for ADP-ribosylation and five B subunits arranged as a pentameric ring with cell surface receptor binding and internalization functions. The A subunit catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), leading to increased adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP levels. It also ADP-ribosylates transducing and tubulin.
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.
Cholera toxin and its A subunit are commonly used to study signal transduction mechanisms due to their impact on adenylate cyclase. Additionally, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant by stimulating B lymphocytes and T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting interleukin-12 production. The non-toxic B subunit (CTB) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a useful label for microglial cells in neurological research. It has also proved to be an excellent tracer for axonal transport studies using immunohistochemical methods.
Application
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins. It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells.
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used in toxin neutralization assays to assess the cytotoxicity of cells.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface.
Features and Benefits
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Packaging
Package size based on protein content.
Physical form
Lyophilized powder containing Tris buffer salts, sodium chloride, sodium azide and sodium EDTA
Preparation Note
When reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in water, solution will contain 0.05 M Tris buffer salts, pH 7.5, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.003 M NaN3, and 0.001 M sodium EDTA. Store reconstituted solutions in the refrigerator.
signalword
Danger
hcodes
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 2 Dermal - Acute Tox. 2 Oral - Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation - Aquatic Chronic 3
저장 등급
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
wgk
WGK 3
문서
Cyclic nucleotides like cAMP modulate cell function via PKA activation and ion channels.
고리형 AMP(cAMP), 고리형 GMP(cGMP), 고리형 ADP-리보스를 포함하여 고리형 뉴클레오타이드는 GPCR 활성화에 의해 개시된 세포내 이벤트의 2차 전달자로서 광범위하게 연구되었습니다. cAMP는 주로 cAMP 의존성 단백질 인산화효소(PKA)의 활성화를 통해 모든 진핵생물 세포에서 세포 기능을 변형시키지만 cAMP 개폐 이온 채널 및 cAMP에 의해 직접 활성화되는 구아닌 뉴클레오타이드 교환 인자를 통해서도 변형시킵니다.
Nobuhiko Kayagaki et al.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6151), 1246-1249 (2013-07-28)
Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri are sensed in an ill-defined manner by an intracellular inflammasome complex that activates caspase-11. We show that macrophages loaded with synthetic lipid A, E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or
The enterotoxin T (BcET) from Bacillus cereus can probably not contribute to food poisoning.
Choma C and Granum PE
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 217, 115-115 (2002)
Nicholas F Wright et al.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 521(13), 2966-2986 (2013-03-19)
Many brain structures project to both the anteroventral thalamic nucleus and the anteromedial thalamic nucleus. In the present study, pairs of different tracers were placed into these two thalamic sites in the same rats to determine the extent to which
국제 무역 품목 번호
| SKU | GTIN |
|---|---|
| C8052-.5MG | 04061833521595 |
| C8052-1MG | 04061833521601 |
| C8052-2MG | 04061833521618 |