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A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment.

A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment.

Nanoscale (2015-07-01)

Dennis B Pacardo, Bhanu Neupane, S Michaela Rikard, Yue Lu, Ran Mo, Sumeet R Mishra, Joseph B Tracy, Gufeng Wang, Frances S Ligler, Zhen Gu

ABSTRACT

A multifunctional gold nanorod (AuNR) complex is described with potential utility for theranostic anticancer treatment. The AuNR was functionalized with cyclodextrin for encapsulation of doxorubicin, with folic acid for targeting, and with a photo-responsive dextran-azo compound for intracellular controlled drug release. The interaction of a AuNR complex with HeLa cells was facilitated via a folic acid targeting ligand as displayed in the dark-field images of cells. Enhanced anticancer efficacy was demonstrated through the synergistic combination of promoted drug release upon ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and photothermal therapy upon infrared (IR) irradiation. This multifunctional AuNR-based system represents a novel theranostic strategy for spatiotemporal delivery of anticancer therapeutics.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Supelco

Ethanol standards 10% (v/v), 10 % (v/v) in H₂O, analytical standard

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, SAJ first grade, ≥99.0%

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%, suitable for HPLC

Sigma-Aldrich

Silver nitrate solution, 0.0282 M

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%, SAJ super special grade

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.0%, suitable for absorption spectrum analysis

Sigma-Aldrich

Dichloromethane, SAJ first grade, ≥99.0%

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, JIS 300, ≥99.5%, suitable for residue analysis

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%, suitable for absorption spectrum analysis

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, JIS 1000, ≥99.5%, suitable for residue analysis

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%, suitable for fluorescence

Sigma-Aldrich

Dichloromethane, JIS special grade, ≥99.0%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, suitable for HPLC

Sigma-Aldrich

Silver nitrate solution, 0.05 M

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, JIS special grade, ≥99.0%

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethanol, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Silver nitrate on silica gel, extent of labeling: ~10 wt. % loading, +230 mesh

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium borohydride, caplets (18 × 10 × 8 mm), 98%

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, anhydrous, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

1-Adamantanethiol, 99% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

1-Adamantanethiol, 95%

Supelco

Dichloromethane solution, contains 10 % (v/v) methanol

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, Vetec^™, reagent grade, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, Molecular Biology

Sigma-Aldrich

Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 190 proof, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dichloromethane, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%, contains 40-150 ppm amylene as stabilizer

Sigma-Aldrich

Sodium borohydride, ReagentPlus^®, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous, ≥99.9%